5 Most Important Components of a Computer

G’day, tech enthusiasts! Just like how a well-oiled machine keeps the Outback running smoothly, your computer’s health needs proper care to ensure peak performance and longevity. While our PCs don’t require much besides a consistent power supply, they’re made up of durable components that can become damaged and lead to various issues if compromised.

As responsible desktop and laptop users in Australia, it’s crucial to understand the internal hardware that runs our computers’ processes. With this knowledge, you can easily identify probable reasons why your PC is slowing down, potentially saving you time and money on trips to the local computer store.

Imagine your computer as a complex ecosystem, with each internal component playing a vital role in its effective operation. In this article, we’ll explore the 5 most important of these components and then take a look at some of HP’s best desktops available for Aussie users.

5 most important components of your computer

Just as you’d maintain your car for those long drives across the Australian continent, regular servicing and timely upgrades are necessary to keep your PC in prime condition. Electrical items eventually break down after constant use, and computer hardware is no exception.

PCs can slow down for various reasons, and often you can solve issues without touching delicate computer components. However, for more critical issues, an upgrade is often the best solution. Here are the 5 major components of a computer that every Aussie user should know about:

1. Motherboard

The motherboard is the foundation of any computer components list, serving as the primary circuit board that holds all the hardware in place. Every PC has one, from dedicated workstations to personal notebooks. A robust motherboard offers multiple slots for installing various computer components (e.g., RAM, graphics card, etc.).

Motherboards come in different form factors (general specs encompassing circuitry arrangement, overall size, number of ports, etc.), and only specific motherboard models can fit into certain computer cases/chassis, especially for customisable desktops.

For laptops, specialised motherboards are used instead, with much of their built-in hardware permanently soldered onto their respective circuits. This design accommodates the laptop’s smaller frame and lighter build, with only certain parts like the RAM and storage that can be upgraded.

When a motherboard is damaged, PCs cease to function fully. Given the complexity of the circuitry and wiring, a faulty motherboard can instantly stop your computer from working and potentially harm other parts. While motherboards are easily replaced in desktops, the same can’t be said for laptops, which may require purchasing a brand new device.

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The central processing unit (CPU), commonly referred to as the processor, is the ‘brain’ of your computer. The CPU solves all the sophisticated algorithms and programming your computer performs while running programs or applications.

Modern processors typically possess multiple CPUs to achieve quicker processing speeds, ensuring faster response times when using software or browsing the web. These special processors are called multi-core processors, with each CPU designated as one processing core.

For example, high-end processors like those found in some of HP’s top-tier laptops and desktops can have multiple independent cores that work together to handle computing tasks, allowing you to perform program-intensive work without overstressing your computer.

While it’s possible to squeeze more power from your CPUs by overclocking them for slight performance boosts, this comes with risks that might damage your processor. Remember, a PC cannot work properly with an impaired processor, even if other components function normally.

3. Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)

When it comes to handling graphical operations and advanced imagery, the graphical processing unit (GPU) is the computer hardware responsible for the task. A GPU is required for your computer to read and reproduce graphical representations and effects, which are present in almost every form of media today.

Certain top-spec CPUs can also have basic GPUs embedded in them, especially in premium laptops that focus on lightweight mobility and use. However, the finest GPUs are primarily used for video gaming, capable of handling immense 3D-graphics loads to maintain smooth frame rates and lag-free experiences.

When gaming, the CPU and GPU work in tandem. The GPU manages the heavy lifting in terms of on-screen graphics and fidelity, while the CPU runs the programming that works behind the scenes, such as data and in-game statistics.

A broken-down GPU can lead to many problems, including the feared black screen of death. The current global shortage of GPU chips adds another layer of complexity, making the loss of your GPU a potential nightmare.

4. Random Access Memory (RAM)

Computers have different forms of memory that store information and data, with random-access memory (RAM) being one of the most prominently discussed. A RAM device keeps important currently-used data and codes on standby, loading them instantly when respective programs or apps are opened.

RAM is a volatile type of memory, meaning all stored memory is refreshed after turning off the PC. This allows the device to quickly absorb new data immediately during the next session, prompting quicker loading processes.

Most mainstream computers, including mini laptops, can be upgraded with more RAM by purchasing a better RAM device - or RAM stick - that offers bigger storage capacity. However, depending on your computing activities, you might not use all available RAM, so it’s important to understand how much RAM is ideal for your PC according to its primary use (work, gaming, etc.).

Although a damaged RAM stick might not necessarily prevent your computer from working properly, it will hinder its performance over time, resulting in program crashes, unexpected decrease in RAM, and failure to boot, among other issues.

5. Storage device

A storage device provides the memory for installing programs and saving files. Unlike RAM, a storage device’s content is secured in non-volatile memory, meaning that data is saved permanently inside its memory bank, preserving it even after you turn off the PC (unless manually deleted or uninstalled).

PCs typically use two common types of internal storage devices: hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs). HDDs are the cheaper option but suffer from slower transfer speeds, while SSDs are their superior counterparts but are more expensive. These devices are attached to your computer using dedicated SATA cables, replaced by SAS cables for big servers and workstations.

Other secondary storage devices exist, such as USB flash drives and portable HDDs. However, these peripherals are not installed inside computers. Instead, they are connected to the PC via alternative channels like USB ports or external disk drives, depending on the specs.

Even though storage devices do not impact your computer’s boot-up process, start-up programs like Google Chrome or Microsoft Word are loaded directly from your HDD or SSD. So a damaged storage device can interrupt the whole process, potentially corrupting your files. If this occurs, you will need to replace your hard drive immediately, sometimes requiring a complete system reformat or Windows reinstall, which can be quite a hassle.

HP desktops with excellent benchmarks for Australian users

Understanding the major components of your computer helps gauge your expectations of what your PC is capable of doing. It’s important to note that an office notebook might not be the right choice for gaming due to its unsuitable specs. This notion holds true for every computer as they are all built for different purposes, with distinct specifications.

Premium PCs are designed to handle a variety of tasks: work, streaming, gaming, and more. If you’re looking for exclusive PCs that offer first-rate specs and unbeatable performances, here are some extraordinary HP desktops available in Australia to consider:

HP All-in-One 24-cr0009a PC

The HP All-in-One 24-cr0009a PC is a sleek and modern desktop perfect for Australian professionals and home users alike. This all-in-one solution maximizes your desk space with its integrated design, hiding powerful hardware behind its 23.8-inch display.

Featuring an AMD Ryzen™ 5 7520U processor, this PC delivers impressive performance for everyday tasks and light content creation. The integrated AMD Radeon™ Graphics provide smooth visuals for casual gaming and media consumption.

• 23.8-inch diagonal FHD display

• AMD Ryzen™ 5 7520U processor

• 16 GB memory

• 512 GB SSD storage

With its space-saving design and robust performance, the HP All-in-One 24-cr0009a PC is an excellent choice for Aussie users looking for a versatile home computer that can handle work, entertainment, and casual gaming with ease.

HP Desktop M01-F3005a PC

For those seeking a more traditional tower design with exceptional performance, the HP Desktop M01-F3005a PC is an outstanding choice. This powerhouse is equipped with an AMD Ryzen™ 7 5700G processor, making it capable of handling demanding tasks and even some serious gaming.

The AMD Radeon™ Graphics integrated into the processor provide solid graphics performance for casual gaming and content creation, while the generous 16 GB of RAM ensures smooth multitasking.

• AMD Ryzen™ 7 5700G processor

• AMD Radeon™ Graphics

• 16 GB memory

• 1 TB SSD storage

With its impressive specs and ample storage, the HP Desktop M01-F3005a PC is perfect for Australian users who need a reliable and powerful desktop for work, creative projects, and entertainment.

OMEN by HP 25L Gaming Desktop GT14-2000a PC

For hardcore gamers in Australia, the OMEN by HP 25L Gaming Desktop GT14-2000a PC is the ultimate gaming rig to enjoy unlimited in-game framerates and breathtaking cinematic graphics. Featuring top-of-the-line specs, this powerhouse is built to deliver exceptional gaming performance.

At its core, the Intel® Core™ i7-14700F processor provides incredible processing power, while the NVIDIA® GeForce RTX™ 4070 Ti graphics card ensures stunning visuals and smooth gameplay, even in the most demanding titles.

• Intel® Core™ i7-14700F processor

• NVIDIA® GeForce RTX™ 4070 Ti (12 GB GDDR6X dedicated)

• 32 GB memory

• 1 TB HDD storage; 1 TB SSD storage

With the OMEN by HP 25L Gaming Desktop, Australian gamers can look forward to years of high-performance gaming. Its robust specs and upgradeability make it a worthy investment for those serious about their gaming experience.

Summary

Computer components are made from high-grade materials that can withstand extreme heat and are durable enough to last years. However, they are still susceptible to damage from both external and internal sources, such as rough handling or malware attacks.

Learning about the five major components of a computer means you’re more aware of how your PC functions, making it easier to identify issues that might be affecting your computer’s performance.

If your computer starts to slow down after a few years, a hardware change might be needed, unless you know of certain hacks to improve your PC’s performance without dipping into your wallet. Regular computer maintenance is not always cheap, so it’s best to care for your PC properly before the repair bills start piling up.

For more useful advice tailored to Australian users, such as tips on how to free up your hard drive quickly, stick around with HP® Tech Takes!