5 Most Essential Components of a Computer

As Singaporeans, we know the importance of maintaining our devices in our fast-paced, tech-savvy city-state. Just like how we take care of our own health, a computer’s well-being needs attention to ensure peak performance and longevity. While our PCs don’t require much sustenance beyond a consistent power supply, they’re comprised of durable components that can become damaged and lead to various issues if compromised.

Responsible desktop and laptop users in Singapore should familiarize themselves with the internal hardware that powers their computers. With this knowledge, you can easily identify probable reasons why your PC is slowing down, enabling you to troubleshoot without visiting a computer store, saving both time and money in our bustling city.

Imagine your computer as a complex system, with its internal components functioning like vital organs. Each part plays a unique role in running your PC effectively, and each is crucial in its own way.

In this article, we’ll explore the 5 most important computer components. Then, we’ll showcase some of HP’s best desktops with top-quality features available in Singapore.

5 most essential components of your computer

Regular maintenance and timely upgrades are necessary to keep your PC in prime condition, allowing you to enjoy uninterrupted use. Like any electronic device, computer hardware eventually wears down after constant use.

PCs can slow down for various reasons, and often you can solve issues without touching delicate computer components. However, for more critical problems, an upgrade is often the best solution. Here are the 5 major components of a computer that every Singaporean tech user should know about:

1. Motherboard

The motherboard is the primary circuit board that holds all the hardware in place. Every PC has one, from dedicated workstations to personal notebooks. A robust motherboard offers numerous slots for installing multiple computer components (e.g., RAM, graphics card, etc.).

Motherboards come in different form factors (general specifications encompassing circuitry arrangement, overall size, number of ports, etc.), and only specific motherboard models can fit into certain computer cases/chassis, especially for customizable desktops.

For laptops, specialized motherboards are used instead, with much of their built-in hardware permanently soldered onto their respective circuits. This design accommodates the laptop’s smaller frame and lighter build, with only certain parts like the RAM and storage that can be upgraded.

When a motherboard is damaged, PCs cease to function fully. Given the complexity of the circuitry and wiring, a faulty motherboard can instantly stop your computer from working and potentially harm other parts. While motherboards are easily replaced in desktops, the same can’t be said for laptops, often necessitating the purchase of a new device.

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The central processing unit (CPU), commonly referred to as the processor, is the ‘brain’ of your computer. The CPU solves all the sophisticated algorithms and programming your computer performs while running programs or applications.

Modern processors typically possess multiple CPUs to achieve quicker processing speeds, ensuring faster response times when using software or browsing the web. These special processors are called multi-core processors, with each CPU designated as one processing core.

For example, high-end processors like those found in premium HP laptops have multiple independent cores that work together to handle computing tasks, allowing you to perform program-intensive work without overstressing your computer.

You can squeeze more power from your CPUs to get slight performance boosts by overclocking them. However, this comes with risks that might damage your processor, so proceed with caution. Remember, a PC cannot work properly with an impaired processor, even if other components function normally.

3. Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)

When handling graphical operations and advanced imagery, the graphical processing unit (GPU) is the computer hardware responsible for it. A GPU is required for your computer to read and reproduce graphical representations and effects, which are present in almost every form of media today.

Certain top-spec CPUs can also have basic GPUs embedded in them, especially in premium laptops that focus on lightweight mobility and use. However, the finest GPUs are primarily used for video gaming, capable of handling immense 3D-graphics loads to maintain smooth frame rates and lag-free experiences.

When gaming, the CPU and GPU work in tandem. The GPU manages the heavy lifting in terms of on-screen graphics and fidelity, while the CPU runs the programming that works behind the scenes, such as data and in-game statistics.

A malfunctioning GPU can lead to many problems, including the dreaded black screen of death. The current global shortage of GPU chips adds another layer of concern, making the loss of your GPU a potential nightmare.

4. Random Access Memory (RAM)

Computers have different forms of memory that store information and data, with random-access memory (RAM) being one of the most prominently discussed. A RAM device keeps important currently-used data and codes on standby, loading them instantly when respective programs or apps are opened.

RAM is a volatile type of memory, meaning all stored memory is refreshed after turning off the PC. This allows the device to quickly absorb new data immediately during the next session, prompting quicker loading processes.

Almost all mainstream computers can be upgraded with more RAM by buying a better RAM device - or RAM stick - that offers bigger storage capacity, including mini laptops. Nevertheless, depending on your computing activities, you might not use all RAM, so you need to understand how much RAM is ideal for your PC according to its primary use (work, gaming, etc.).

Although a damaged RAM stick might not necessarily prevent your computer from working properly, it will hinder its performance over time, resulting in program crashes, unexpected decrease in RAM, and failure to boot, among other issues.

5. Storage device

A storage device provides the memory for installing programs and saving files. Unlike RAM, a storage device’s content is secured in non-volatile memory, meaning that data is saved permanently inside its memory bank, preserving them even after you turn off the PC (unless manually deleted or uninstalled).

PCs use two common types of internal storage devices: hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs). HDDs are the cheaper option but suffer from slower transfer speeds, while SSDs are their superior counterparts but are more expensive. These devices are attached to your computer using dedicated SATA cables, replaced by SAS cables for big servers and workstations.

Other secondary storage devices exist, such as USB flash drives and portable HDDs. However, these peripherals are not installed inside computers. Instead, they are connected to the PC via alternative channels like USB ports or external disk drives, depending on the specifications.

Even though storage devices do not impact your computer’s boot-up process, start-up programs like Google Chrome or Microsoft Word are loaded directly from your HDD or SSD. So a damaged storage device can interrupt the whole process, potentially corrupting your files. If this occurs, you will need to replace your hard drive immediately, sometimes requiring a complete system reformat or Windows reinstall, which can be quite troublesome.

HP desktops with excellent benchmarks for Singaporean users

Understanding the major components of your computer helps gauge your expectations of what your PC is capable of doing. It’s important to note that an office notebook may not be the right choice for gaming due to its unsuitable specs. This notion is true for every computer as they are all built for different purposes, with distinct specifications.

Premium PCs are designed for everything: work, streaming, gaming, and more. If you’re looking for exclusive PCs that offer first-rate specs and unbeatable performances, here are some extraordinary HP desktops available in Singapore to consider:

HP 23.8 inch All-in-One Desktop PC 24-cr0039d

A classy, sleek, and modern desktop - the HP 23.8 inch All-in-One Desktop PC 24-cr0039d is perfect for Singaporean professionals, offering top specs in a compact package. Boasting a complete setup, this All-in-One might look unassuming from the outside, but it packs a punch with its powerful hardware hidden inside the monitor itself, maximizing your desk space for optimum comfort and tidiness.

Its AMD Ryzen™ 5 7520U processor provides impressive processing speeds, allowing you to work without suffering on-screen lags or stutters. The integrated AMD Radeon™ Graphics ensure smooth visuals for everyday tasks and light multimedia work.

Memory-wise, 8GB of RAM allows you to load your favourite apps or software with ease. If that isn’t enough, 512GB of SSD storage provides ample space for you to save big projects on a whim, besides offering fast transfer speeds and quick program start-ups.

• AMD Ryzen™ 5 7520U processor

• AMD Radeon™ Graphics

• 8GB RAM

• 512GB SSD storage

• 23.8-inch FHD display

This All-in-One PC is an excellent choice for Singaporean homes and small offices, offering a perfect balance of performance and space-saving design.

HP Elite Tower 800 G9 Desktop PC

The HP Elite Tower 800 G9 Desktop PC is a powerhouse designed for Singaporean businesses that require high-performance computing. This tower offers a sturdy chassis and a multitude of respectable hardware, making it perfect for seamless management of intensive projects and workflows.

At its core, the Elite Tower 800 G9 boasts an Intel® Core™ i7-13700 processor, which delivers exceptional performance for demanding tasks. The Intel® UHD Graphics 770 handles visual tasks efficiently, suitable for most business applications and light multimedia work.

With 16GB of RAM, this desktop can handle multiple applications simultaneously without breaking a sweat. The massive 1TB SSD provides ample storage space and ensures quick boot times and rapid application launches.

• Intel® Core™ i7-13700 processor

• Intel® UHD Graphics 770

• 16GB RAM

• 1TB SSD storage

• Multiple USB ports for connectivity

For Singaporean businesses looking for a reliable and powerful desktop solution, the HP Elite Tower 800 G9 Desktop PC offers an excellent combination of performance and expandability.

HP Pro Tower 400 G9 PCI Desktop PC

For small businesses and power users in Singapore, the HP Pro Tower 400 G9 PCI Desktop PC offers a great balance of performance and value. This tower PC comes equipped with high-quality components that can handle a wide range of business and personal computing tasks.

Powered by an Intel® Core™ i7-13700 processor, this desktop delivers excellent performance for multitasking and demanding applications. The Intel® UHD Graphics 770 provides capable graphics performance for most business and productivity software.

With 8GB of RAM, you can run multiple applications smoothly. The spacious 1TB SSD offers plenty of storage for your files and applications while ensuring fast boot times and quick data access.

• Intel® Core™ i7-13700 processor

• Intel® UHD Graphics 770

• 8GB RAM

• 1TB SSD storage

• Ample connectivity options

This desktop PC is an excellent choice for Singaporean small businesses or home offices that need a reliable and powerful computer without breaking the bank.

Summary

Computer components are made from high-grade materials that can withstand extreme heat and are durable enough to last years. However, they are still susceptible to damage from both external and internal sources, such as rough handling or malware attacks.

Learning about the 5 major components of a computer means you’re more aware of how your PC functions, making it easier to identify issues that might be affecting your computer’s performance.

If your computer starts to slow down after a few years, a hardware upgrade might be needed, unless you know of certain hacks to improve your PC’s performance without dipping into your wallet. Regular computer maintenance is not always cheap, so it’s best to care for your PC properly before the repair bills start piling up.

For more useful advice, such as tips on how to free up your hard drive quickly, stay tuned to HP® Tech Takes!